How Do You Draw Stairs in Plan

Stairs and Ramps

Stairs, ramps, elevators, and escalators provide access to different floor levels within or on the outside of a structure. Stairs and ramps are often used in buildings three stories in height and less, whereas elevators and escalators are employed on buildings of iv

Figure nine-1 Store drawings are highly detailed assembly drawings done past a subcontractor. They show a designer'south initial design and drawing with expanded views, descriptions, and construction details.

TRIM AT DOOR

BASE TRIM

MULL ION

TRIM eastward UJALL

184 tiptop rails

MEAD TRIM a DOOR

134 bottom bail sheep

Exterior Summit

STAIRS

TOP OF HANDRAIL Betwixt 34" TO 38' C8&5-ix&5; ABOVE STAIR NOSING

MIN. 60° SLOPE TO RISER

Open RISERS NOT PERMITTED

superlative of handrail betwixt 34'-3s' í0&5-9é>5; above ramp 9ura=ace inside handrail on turns must be continuous handrails omitted for clarity, but required on both sides of ramp runs when rise is over b' d5z>; or horizontal length is over 12" (18301.

NONCONTINUOUS HANDRAILS MUST EXTEND BETOND STAIRS AS SHOWN AND Be PARALLEL TO Floor.

HANDRAILS REQUIRED AT BOTH SIDES OF STAIRS INSIDE HANDRAIL MUST Be CONTINUOUS ON STAIR TURNS.

tí' (38; MAXIMUM Project

OPEN RISERS Non PERMITTED

HANDRAILS REQUIRED AT BOTH SIDES OF STAIRS INSIDE HANDRAIL MUST Exist CONTINUOUS ON STAIR TURNS.

tí' (38; MAXIMUM Project

Figure 9-ii Stair pattern and construction must run across building code and ADA requirements, including rules on configuration, width, risers, treads, landings, and handrails.

noncontinuous handrails must extend 121 í30sj as shoiln and exist parallel to ground surface.

lx" (1525} past 60" (1525; landing required f ramp changes direction.

noncontinuous handrails must extend 121 í30sj as shoiln and exist parallel to ground surface.

60" (1525} by 60" (1525; landing required f ramp changes direction.

min. width 36' (9i5j top of handrail between 34'-3s' í0&five-9é>5; to a higher place ramp 9ura=ace inside handrail on turns must be continuous

handrails omitted for clarity, but required on both sides of ramp runs when ascent is over b' d5z>; or horizontal length is over 12" (18301.

Figure ix-three Ramps must be constructed in accord with ADA guidelines and edifice codes. They provide physically disabled individuals with admission to different floors.

min. width 36' (9i5j

Figure 9-3 Ramps must be constructed in accordance with ADA guidelines and building codes. They provide physically disabled individuals with admission to unlike floors.

floors or more. Yet, in buildings such equally shopping centers, which have high floor-to-floor dimensions and must accommodate a great number of people, escalators are commonly used. The design of stairs should place the least amount of physical strain on the people who use them, while reinforcing the design character of the space and construction of the building. Designs tin range from major or monumental stairways to stairways that are strictly for commonsensical purposes.

Stairs are usually synthetic from wood, steel, or concrete. Their design and construction must encounter a number of building code and Americans with Disabilities Human action (ADA) requirements for configuration, width, risers, treads, landings, and handrails (Effigy ix-2). In many cases, a stair is augmented by a ramp that provides vertical transit for physically dumb individuals or ease of moving heavy objects (Figure ix-3). Interior design projects might involve the pattern and construction of a new stair or the remodel of an existing stair. Remodeling is oft done to upgrade a stair in an older building to run across the current building codes or ADA requirements. Stairway Configurations and Terms

Stairs may be designed in a number of configurations to arrange the amount of space bachelor, the geometry of the layout, and the vertical/horizontal altitude they must traverse. The most common stair configurations are shown in Figure 9-4. Their basic arrangements tin be described by the following categories: straight run, right-angle run, reversing run, and some form of circular run. Figure 9-5 illustrates some of the virtually unremarkably used stair terms, defined below:

Baluster — the vertical components that hold the handrail. These are spaced to foreclose people from falling through. These are governed by building codes and are

usually a maximum clearance to prevent a 4-inch (101.6 mm) sphere from passing through.

Guardrail — a rail that is used on the landings or floor levels to prevent people from falling between floor levels. It is ordinarily a minimum of 36 inches loftier in residential and 42 inches high in commercial buildings.

Handrail — a continuous section of railing side by side to a stair for a person to grasp as an aid when ascending or descending. Building codes closely control whether the railing is on one or both sides of the stair, its height in a higher place the flooring, and other specifics.

Headroom — the minimum clearance between the edge (or nose) of the tread and whatever part of an obstruction above.

straight run

- MUST Have INTERMEDIATE LANDING F R-OOR TO H-OOR HEIGHT I» AOO^B a FT.

fifty-shape

- CTTEN USED IN COWERS

- RH OR Flying CF STAIRS MAT BE EOUAL OR LKEOLLAL CN EACH SIDE OF LANDING

- U-9HAPE STAIRS ARE OFT» USED IN Series SUCH Equally STAIRUAYS BemesN mant floors of

HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

- USED PRIMARILY Merely IN RESIDENTIAL, Equally THEY Tin BE Hazardous AND HOT PERMITTED By MOST COMMERCIAL CODES AS AN egress STAIR

- USED WHEN THEFC IB NOT ENOUGH TOOM FOR AN L-6HAPE STAIR

- rwinieuasfireexitstairs

IN air conditioning*-« CASES WITH AN AffROVED RADIUS

RESID^CES

- Tin can BE Hard TO CARRY LAR5E OBJECTS Upwardly « DOWN STAIRS IF Minor RADIUS IS USED

- Screw STAIRS Can ^SEMBLE CUfWED STAIRS ILHEN THET Take A Big RADIUS

INTEWEI3IATE LANDINS -MINI. LENGTH EQUAL TO STAIR UIDTH

■SHAPED STAIRS CAN

■SHAPED STAIRS CAN

- MODIMCATIONS Tin can \ Exist MADB FOR STAIR \ FLIGHTS TO RJ4 IN \ Yard Pismire DICTIONS-1

Movie STARS AFC É^X iSN UIALONG DOIIN T1-E8E STAJRS

■LANDINGS

OUADRANT <V4) OF THE CYLINDER

■LANDINGS

OUADRANT <V4) OF THE CYLINDER

SIDE < Program VIEWS

LANDw STAIR ¿AND 4 STAIR UAND&

iHffltirr nimiT i

Figure ix-4 Stairs tin can be constructed in a number of different configurations, depending on the amount of infinite available and the distance between floors.

program view

Figure 9-five (far left) Typical parts of a stair.

-STAIF» Can f*e Made MORE \ programme view MANAGEABLE By OFFSET N3 T^East CCNVERSS^CE OF Tl-E COWCR STAIRS—

5 Fifty^DiNt

Landing — the flooring or platform at the beginning or finish of a stair, or between two or more stair runs. Newel — the terminating baluster at the bottom or pinnacle of a stair, which is ordinarily larger than the other balusters. Nosing — the part of the tread that overhangs the riser, reducing the problem of a person accidentally kick the riser equally they ascend the stair.

Rise — the total vertical distance that is traveled on a stair. It is the perpendicular measurement between floor levels and the sum of all the riser heights. Riser — the vertical part of a stair betwixt the treads. Run — the full horizontal depth of a stair, which is the sum of the treads.

Stringer — the structural support for the stair treads and risers. This is too referred to as a carriage. Information technology might exist exposed on a utilitarian stair, or hidden with various finishes on more decorative stairs.

Tread — the horizontal office of a stair that the pes bears downwards upon.

Winder - the wedge-shaped tread in a turn of the stairway run - constitute by and large in residential work, considering commercial building codes restrict these.

Drafting Standards

The pattern and drawing details needed to illustrate a stair are dependent upon the complexity of the stair and the basic structural cloth it is constructed of. Stair systems are made primarily of wood, steel, or physical. Wood stairs are mostly used in residential construction and are generally the simplest to depict and detail. Stairs are shown on the floor plans and called out as to their basic widths and number of treads and risers. The programme also shows the run and an arrow indicating whether the stairs go up or down from that level. Floor-plan views of stairs often cannot evidence all the materials and cross-sectional parts of their assemblies. Special stair sections (Effigy 9-6) are oftentimes fatigued to testify the construction and end details. In nearly cases, the designer does not have to draw every item of a stairway and its many components. The fabricators of metallic, physical, and some wood stairs oftentimes make shop drawings. These detailed drawings are submitted to the designer for review.

Scale of Drawings

The calibration of stairway drawings is generally V8" = 1'-0" (ane:100 metric) or W = 1'-0" (1:50 metric), both in programme and elevation views. The number of treads and risers, as well as their dimensions, are called out hither. Generic features such as the handrails and guardrails are also shown in both the plan and peak views. Generally, handrails seen in elevation views are placed at a compatible height thirty-34 inches (762-864 mm) above the stair nosing. In commercial projects with steel or physical stairs, a large-scale cartoon and stair section are required to fully explain these stair details and handrail/guardrail specifics. These are drawn at a scale of at least V2" = 1'-0" (1:20 metric) and cross-referenced to the floor plans.

To determine the number of treads and risers a stair must have, the vertical dimension betwixt floor levels must exist known. This vertical dimension is divided by the maximum riser top allowed past the building codes. At this writing, virtually residential stairs are express to a maximum riser tiptop of eight inches (203 mm) and a minimum tread depth of 9% inches (235 mm). Commercial codes restrict the maximum height of a riser to seven inches (178 mm), with

a minimum tread depth of 11 inches (280 mm). In a residential edifice, the typical vertical dimension might be ix'-10", or 106 inches (2.69 m). The designer divides 106 past 8 to find the minimum number of risers needed, which is xiii.ii. If simply 13 are used, each riser will be slightly over 8 inches, which is non allowed according to the code. Rounding upwardly to 14 will ensure each riser is slightly below the allowed viii inches.

To find the total number of treads, remember that there is always 1 tread fewer than number of risers, as the flooring levels at each stair end are not counted as treads. In our case, there would be thirteen treads at 9 inches (229 mm) each, for a resulting stair run of 13 x nine" = 9 feet, 11 inches (three.02 one thousand).

Figure 9-6 Stair sections are frequently drawn to particular out the construction and cease components, which are not shown in plan views.

programme.

Checklist for Stairways

General

• If a divide enlarged cartoon is done for the stairway, central it and cross-reference to the floor plans.

• Show stairs in their entirety where possible, or employ break lines where they continue on another floor level.

• Bank check stair widths, riser heights, tread widths, landing widths, and other particulars against the appropriate edifice codes and ADA requirements. Verify required dimensions and clearances.

Notations

• Call out management of travel (up or down) on each section of stairway, and signal with an arrow.

Dimensioning Stairways

Stairways are dimensioned on the floor plans as to their landing sizes, widths, and run of each stair, as seen in Effigy 9-7. The total number and dimensions of the risers and runs are also shown on the program. Vertical heights of the stair ascent, handrails, and other particulars are dimensioned on a separate section or acme drawing that is cross-referenced to the plan view (Figure ix-8). Designation of Materials

A stair's materials can be indicated in a number of unlike ways, depending upon how many materials there are and the size and complexity of the structure. Underlying structural materials might be chosen out with notes or shown in a exclusive view. If the structural material is also the finished surface, this should be chosen out. If a separate finish material covers the stair, this might exist called out in the section view, plan view, or on a separate finish

Figure ix-7 This enlarged plan of a stairway shows the dimensions of the landings, the widths and the run of each stair, risers, treads, and other details.

Figure 9-8 Stair sections testify heights of the stair rise, handrails, and other details, cross-referenced to the programme view.

Start FLOOR STAIRIUAY

Figure 9-eight Stair sections show heights of the stair rise, handrails, and other details, cross-referenced to the plan view.

ENTRY

Commencement FLOOR

LOWER LEVEL

First FLOOR

ENTRY

LOWER LEVEL

STAIR SECTION

• Note handrails and other trim. Primal to where these can be found in more detail.

• Phone call out materials where stairs are shown in section view, including structural and end components.

• Cross-reference to any structural plans where they are provided.

Dimensions

• Call out number and widths of treads, besides as number and acme of risers.

• Dimension the total run of stairs in both program and section views.

• Dimension the width of the stairs and whatever landings.

• Dimension treads, nosings, risers, landings, and handrail locations in sectional views of stairways.

Millwork

Architectural plans are often drawn at a scale too minor to show adequate detail for cabinetry and millwork such as moldings, paneling, miscellaneous trim, and casings for doors and windows. These components are drawn and detailed at a large scale and cross-referenced to the bones plans. Millwork and cabinetry, as well referred to as architectural woodwork, tin can include both manufactured stock components and custom woodwork that is assembled on the jobsite (Figure 9-nine). Although some designers include cabinetry under the category of millwork, information technology will exist treated here as a separate classification due to the specialized drawings needed to describe it.

Figure 9-9 This large-scale cartoon shows the placement of stock-manufactured base cabinets.

T-iii TRIM

T-3S TRIM

MR-sixty

X4" PANEL ON %' H.D.F. ON %• GYP. BD. T-&four TRIM

I" UJIDE x W DEEP WHITE MTL. GLAZING Aqueduct AND Blackness GLAZING GASKET. SHIM HDF As REQUIRE TO HIDE CHANNEL.

FÜLL MIRROR

TILE:

FIBERGL'Southward SHOIUER

ELEVATION

MEN: THIRD FLOOR

Figure 9-ten Molding trim is produced in standard shapes and wood species, as noted in this section detail.

Go on reading here: Millujork Section

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